•Scientists have reconstructed the cell lineage of an embryonic mouse. The 13.5-day process, from the moment of fertilization when the egg is divided in two, until the formation of the body and its organs is complete, has been recorded. (The full gestation period in mice is between 19 and 21 days.) The research results will be published in the journal Science on Thursday, October 8, 2026.
“We are interested in seeing how the early lineage of cells in the embryo affects what these cells will become in later stages. Studying cell lineages helps us to understand normal development. Such research could ultimately advance our knowledge of birth defects, neurodevelopmental conditions, genetic diseases, or cancer,” said Dr. Jay Shendure, professor of genomics at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Chengxiang Qiu, along with Shendure, is a co-author of the Science paper. Qiu works as a molecular and systems biologist at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.
Recording the cell history in DNA
Researchers’ latest breakthrough was achieved using a tracking technology called the “DNA Typewriter,” invented by Shendure and Junhong Choi, who works at the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
The team inserted a redesigned tape into the genome of a fertilized mouse egg to use its DNA as a recording medium. The redesign makes it easier to read back the tape from the cells. As the cells acquire different characteristics to form the embryo, the DNA Typewriter remains within each cell’s own genetic material; it acts like the tail of a ship (the ship’s daily record). “Think of it like a real printer, but instead of paper, it writes on a cell’s own DNA,” said Haedong Kim, one of the study’s first authors, a postdoctoral scientist in genomics at UW Medicine and also a member of the Seattle Synthetic Biology Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. “Each time a cell divides, it prints a single new character on the next blank line—always in order, without ever overwriting what was previously written. Because the characters are always filled in sequentially, that line itself reveals the cell’s history of division.”
“DNA Typewriter avoids all of this,” said Kim. “It writes DNA without completely cutting it, maintaining a relatively stable record and writing everything in a precise order, so we can record the cell lineages at much higher resolution and for a longer period of time.” The researchers tested the recording system in 100 fertilized mouse eggs and obtained 10 embryos for analysis. The recording system clearly came into play in embryo No. 3, which had the richest history, and the scientists focused their analysis on it.
The other first authors of the study are Qi Yu and Sophie Seidel, both from the Department of Genomics at the UW School of Medicine and the Seattle Synthetic Biology Center, where Shendure is the scientific director. Shendure is also the scientific director of the UW Medicine Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine and the Allen Cell Tracking Institute.
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